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Silicon metal, also known as crystalline silicon or industrial silicon, is mainly used as an additive for non-ferrous alloy. Silicon metal is smelted from quartz and coke in an electric furnace, with about 98% silicon. Silicon metal is mainly composed of silicon, so it has similar properties to silicon. Silicon has two allotropes: amorphous silicon and crystalline silicon. Amorphous silicon is a gray-black powder, which is actually a kind of microcrystal. Crystalline silicon has the crystal structure and semiconductor property of diamond, with a melting point of 1410°C, a boiling point of 2355°C, a Mohs hardness of 7; thus, it is brittle. Amorphous silicon is chemically active and can burn furiously in oxygen. It can react with non-metals such as halogen, nitrogen and carbon at high temperatures, and can also react with metals such as magnesium, calcium and iron to form silicide.

Silicon metal is usually classified according to the content of its three main impurities such as iron, aluminum and calcium. Based on the content of iron, aluminum and calcium, silicon metal can be divided into different grades such as 553, 441, 421, 3303, and 2202.